Canadian Data Intelligence
Understand what’s changing in Canada—and what the evidence can tell us.
Explore housing, living standards, trade and public services through connected data and analysis. See what changed, why it matters, and where the evidence remains incomplete.
Selected for the questions they examine, not the date a page was built. Each reading states its own evidence cutoff.
Brief · Evidence reviewed through 2026-10-25
Real output has more than doubled since the late nineties. Growth per resident is slower, the ports serve a national production base, and the pre-election fiscal plan leaves a large deficit.
Main limit: The next post-election budget is not yet available to test the fiscal posture. Project announcements do not establish future production, royalties or net public benefits.
Brief · Evidence reviewed through 2026-11-10
September 2026: rolling U.S. export share 68.30%; monthly U.S.-bound exports rose 0.7%. Neither identifies tariff effects or durable diversification.
Main limit: The September comparison uses nominal gross shipment values, not export volumes or domestic value added. Both twelve-month windows use the same newly captured source edition; earlier months remain revisable. Monthly movements do not separate tariff effects from composition, prices or timing. The legal assessment remains separately dated September 29.
The red-tape article is a dated first-reading analysis of a proposed bill, not a current check of its legislative status.
Readings and calendar entries retain the log’s recorded check date. They do not claim a new source or schedule assessment.
Budget 2026 projects a deficit of $62.3 billion for fiscal 2026–27, against $65.3 billion in the Spring Economic Update. Over five years the forecast improved by $158.3 billion before new decisions, and new commitments use $151.5 billion of that.
More: Where the budget lands: the federal fiscal position, the promises against it, and what the audited record settles →Goods exports to countries other than the United States rose by $49.1 billion in the first nine months of 2026 from a year earlier. Unwrought gold and other precious metals account for $25.8 billion of that, or 53%.
More: US Exposure Monitor →Budget 2026 shows day-to-day spending covered by revenue in fiscal 2027–28, one year before the 2028–29 deadline, with a surplus of $11.2 billion. That figure includes $16.8 billion of estimated forgone tax revenue. Recorded revenue alone is $5.6 billion short of day-to-day spending in 2027–28.
More: Are Canada's governments meeting their own fiscal anchors? →See what changed, what stayed the same, and what comes next →
Earlier assessments, newest first. Each retains the evidence available when it was written.
Budget 2026 lowers its forecast of direct program spending by an average of $12.4 billion a year, or $62.0 billion from 2026–27 to 2030–31. The budget says the change does not change approved funding.
More: Where the budget lands: the federal fiscal position, the promises against it, and what the audited record settles →Budget 2026 projects a cash requirement of $764.7 billion from 2026–27 to 2030–31, against deficits of $288.7 billion. Federal debt stays near 40% of the economy. Total liabilities rise from 72.5% to 79.3%.
More: Can Canada remain fiscally sustainable? →Budget 2026 shows core defence spending at 2.2% of the economy in fiscal 2026–27 and 2.6% in each year from 2027–28 to 2030–31, on a cash basis. NATO's pledge is 3.5% for core defence by 2035.
More: What does Canada's defence spending buy? →Canada assessed $14.1 billion in counter-tariffs on U.S. goods from March 4, 2025 to October 26, 2026. It remitted or relieved $8.9 billion. The net amount was $5.2 billion.
More: The Tariff Ledger →Budget 2026 states goals that can be measured: 24,000 non-market housing starts a year, 200,000 homes through Build Canada Homes in the next decade, and 380,000 permanent residents a year from 2027 to 2029. It repeats the goal to double non-U.S. exports by the end of 2035.
More: Which public promises can actually be checked? →The U.S. share of Canada’s goods exports was 68.30% over the twelve months through September 2026, against 73.49% over the preceding twelve months. In September, U.S.-bound exports rose 0.7% while exports to other countries fell 1.1%.
More: Can Canada sell beyond the United States? →October employment was 21,100,100, down 4,700 from September. The unemployment rate rose from 6.5% to 6.7%; youth unemployment rose from 13.0% to 13.7%. The employment rate moved from 60.6% to 60.5%.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →August vacancies were 507,220, compared with revised July vacancies of 502,030. The vacancy rate was 2.8% in both months.
More: Is it getting harder to start a working life in Canada? →The provincial nominal GDP, government revenue, expenditure and balance series advance to calendar 2025, with revisions to 2023 and 2024. Current ratios and comparisons use the same new source edition.
More: Can Canada remain fiscally sustainable? →The registered electricity selling-price index increased from 136.1 in August to 136.7 in September.
The audited annual operating deficit for fiscal 2025–26 is $39.316 billion, on the Public Accounts basis. Earlier projections and the unaudited March tally remain visible.
More: Does the federal budget land where it was promised? →Two previously admitted selected findings are withdrawn from current use after recomputation: the Quebec balance streak and the earlier employment level-shift window. Their historical receipts remain available.
More: Are Canada's governments meeting their own fiscal anchors? →August 2026 has approximate derived totals of 40,125 permanent-resident admissions, 59,615 study permits becoming effective, 48,755 IMP permits becoming effective, 9,150 TFWP permits becoming effective and 4,560 asylum claims submitted.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →Earlier IRCC history changes in all five files; January 2015 IMP moves from 14,070 to 12,660. The old observations remain retained.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →During 2026 Q3, 63,641 dwellings started on the unadjusted all-areas measure, including 38,413 apartment and other units.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →August 2026 records 344 business insolvencies: 261 bankruptcies and 83 proposals. The twelve months through August total 4,758, -6.56% against the preceding twelve months.
More: Is Canada renewing its business base? →The 2025 adult snapshot includes 83.4% with a primary health care provider and 15.1% reporting fair or poor mental health, Canada excluding territories, with published 95% confidence intervals.
More: How well is Canada meeting health needs? →September housing starts were running at an annualized 248,896 dwellings, 2.8% above revised August (242,223).
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →August residential investment was $14.50 billion in constant 2023 dollars, seasonally adjusted, -0.5% from revised July and +4.5% from August 2025.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →The September New Housing Price Index was 120.2 (December 2016=100), -0.2% from August and -2.0% from September 2025.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →August private non-financial corporate credit liabilities were $2.409 trillion, 4.52% above August 2025.
More: Is Canada renewing its business base? →The latest housing-starts table revises April to August 2026: April −1,140; May −120; June −648; July +16,981; August +13,177 dwellings at a seasonally adjusted annual rate.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →New August IRCC files have been captured but are not yet incorporated. This page retains its qualified July administrative-flow edition.
A newer health-survey edition includes 2025 observations, while the previously used regular-healthcare-provider series is marked terminated. The qualified 2024 survey figures remain the held edition.
The insolvency catalogue now links an August 2026 workbook. The July filing edition shown here is retained while that successor is qualified.
September consumer prices rose 3.1% over the year, after 3.0% in August. Gasoline rose 27.8% and groceries 1.7%. Rent inflation held at 2.8%. Average hourly wages rose 2.3%, leaving a -0.8 percentage-point wage–price gap.
More: The price of everything: one headline rate, and the components underneath it →Canada’s installed generating capacity reached 155.906 GW in 2025, up 157.04 MW (0.1%) from the revised 2024 level of 155.749 GW.
More: Canada's electricity expansion: the projected pace and the delivered record →August permits authorized 24,705 new dwelling units, 13.5% more than August 2025 on the unadjusted count. July was revised from 24,022 to 23,470, a reduction of 552 units.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →September is fully covered: 14,614.87 truck entries/day, including 1,811.87 with United States plates (12.40%). August: 14,144.03 entries/day and a 12.57% plate share. September has 22 weekdays and 8 weekend days; August has 21 and 10. These unadjusted averages do not establish a trade trend.
More: US Exposure Monitor →A dated amendment clarifies that the already withdrawn January labour claim stays withdrawn and the different February candidate stays deferred. The U.S. trade Pulse’s trigger grammar is corrected. Monitor links now display the name of their actual destination; Deep Dives label the assembled record’s date without claiming a fresh review of every source.
More: Canadian Capacity Monitor →September employment fell by 68,300: 35,400 fewer full-time workers and 32,900 fewer part-time workers. The employment rate fell 0.2 percentage points to 60.6%, while unemployment rose 0.1 points to 6.5%. Youth unemployment was 13.0%.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →The U.S. share of Canada’s goods exports was 68.34% over the twelve months through August 2026, compared with 73.88% over the preceding twelve months. U.S.-bound exports rose 8.1% in August from July, to $54.35 billion.
More: Can Canada sell beyond the United States? →The IESO register now contains 2,085 records: eleven additions and no removals from the held September list. JBL now proposes Q1 2030, and the Darlington entry now names Holt SS.
Read the full dated record and its limits
Copyright © 2004-2022 Independent Electricity System Operator, all rights reserved. This information is subject to the Terms of Use set out in the IESO’s website (www.ieso.ca)
The refreshed labour record no longer meets the rule for the previously featured co-movement between the immigrant unemployment gap and national unemployment. The previously admitted January cluster window is also withdrawn from the current record because the same rule now locates a different February window.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →Average disposable income rose by $786 per household between the fourth quarters of 2024 and 2025. The increase was $52 in the lowest income fifth and $1,367 in the fourth fifth.
More: The anatomy of Canadian living standards →Government and non-profit individual services accounted for 23.6% of Canada’s actual household consumption in 2024. Across provinces, the share ranged from 21.9% in Alberta to 29.5% in Manitoba; the territories had higher shares.
More: The anatomy of Canadian living standards →Active employer counts grew in 8 of 13 provincial and territorial series, 11 of 18 broad industry series and 2 of 5 size groups between June 2025 and June 2026. The national count rose by 622, or 0.07%.
More: Business dynamism: employers, credit and financial distress →The Claims on the Grid Brief now includes a documentary timeline for JBL’s proposed connection.
More: Claims on the grid: what Ontario's connection record proves about its largest new loads — and why the register they sit in cannot be added up →People aged 65 or older account for 20.0% of Canada’s population in the July 1, 2026 estimates. There are 30.8 people in that age group per 100 aged 15–64.
More: What happens as Canada ages? →The forecast comparison now separates one mature projection made before its target quarter from four estimates published during their quarters. Later path points and targets without outturns remain separate.
More: How often do official forecasts come true? →CPP and QPP actuarial results support financing under the reports’ assumptions. That finding leaves a separate question: whether pension benefits and other household resources are enough to live on.
More: Can Canada keep its pension promises? →The source review corrects two earlier gaps: Statistics Canada supplies NEET and age-specific wage series. In the first quarter of 2025, the published NEET estimate for ages 15–29 in the provinces is 12%.
More: Is it getting harder to start a working life in Canada? →Mean quarterly net saving fell from $5,793 to $5,395 among households with a mortgage between Q4 2024 and Q4 2025. For renters it rose from $111 to $269.
More: The anatomy of Canadian living standards →Public and non-profit services matter differently across the income distribution. The Q4 2024 to Q4 2025 comparison shows their allocated value alongside disposable income for every income fifth.
More: The anatomy of Canadian living standards →Public capital per resident increased in 12 of the 13 provinces and territories between the end of 2024 and the end of 2025. Newfoundland and Labrador was the exception.
More: Infrastructure delivery: from commitments to the capital base →CER's monthly electricity trade file now includes July 2026. Over August 2025 through July 2026 it records 39.286 TWh exported and 24.703 TWh imported, leaving net exports of 14.583 TWh. On the same window, its exports are 0.03% below Statistics Canada's US deliveries and imports are 0.04% below purchased US receipts. The issuers remain separate measurements.
More: Canada's electricity expansion: the projected pace and the delivered record →PHAC’s September edition reports 5,704 deaths in 2025 and 1,354 in January–March 2026. Its revised 2024 count is 6,669. The annual counts cross a change in definition and cannot establish a like-for-like decline.
More: Health: access, outcomes and the gaps between them →Households devoted 14.52% of income before interest payments to debt service in 2026 Q2, down from a revised 14.68% in Q1. A separate National Accounts table puts the Q2 saving rate at 3.7%, up from 3.3%.
More: The anatomy of Canadian living standards →Public infrastructure investment was 1.47 times depreciation in 2025. The real capital stock per resident rose 2.83%, from about $16,822 to $17,299.
More: Infrastructure delivery: from commitments to the capital base →The U.S. Exposure Brief now compares July 2026 trade by road, rail, air, water and other transport. Each mode shows exports and imports separately, against July 2025 and against its own world total.
More: Canada's exports and the United States: the record break, and where the difference went →The climate page’s claim that no official observation existed after 2023 was too broad. The 2026 National Inventory Report includes gross emissions through 2024. The separate target-accounting series held here still ends in 2023.
More: Is Canada on track for its climate commitments — and would the record show it? →The refreshed July permanent-resident admissions record no longer reproduces the previously admitted selected-period comparison. That comparison is withdrawn; its earlier receipt remains available as a historical reading.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →The federal deficit was $5.138 billion in April–July 2026, narrower by $2.650 billion than in the matched monthly series a year earlier. The current provincial outlooks and the CPP actuarial supplement are also incorporated on their separate dates and definitions.
More: Where the budget lands: the federal fiscal position, the promises against it, and what the audited record settles →The updated trade archive follows 34 issuer releases through September 3, 2026, with reference months through July. In that latest vintage, Canada’s 2025 merchandise exports total $3.52 billion less than the sum of the twelve first monthly estimates.
More: Canada's exports and the United States: the record break, and where the difference went →CMHC’s August metropolitan tables report 15,729 starts, 16,899 gross completions and 360,554 units under construction at month end. July recorded 16,374 starts, 18,797 completions and 362,059 under construction.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →The corrected register comparison has four added report URLs, not three, and one removed. The newly reviewed public reports disclose JBL operating conditions, unresolved project-scope and service-date disagreements, equipment phasing, and a withdrawn historical proposal.
More: Claims on the grid: what Ontario's connection record proves about its largest new loads — and why the register they sit in cannot be added up →Canada generated 634,612.2 GWh in the twelve months to July 2026, up 7,054.9 GWh, or 1.1%, from the preceding twelve months. The latest matched annual window is now higher; the earlier April window was slightly lower than a year earlier.
More: Canada's electricity expansion: the projected pace and the delivered record →June has 938,951 active employer businesses, 1,247 more than revised May and 622 more than a year earlier, a 0.07% annual increase. July corporate credit is $2.407 trillion: 4.85% higher than a year earlier but about 0.1% below revised June.
More: Business dynamism: employers, credit and financial distress →Ontario’s September connection register has 2,074 records and 75 qualifying large-load applications, up from 2,062 and 71 in August. Across the whole register, three applications move from Active to Complete, one from Complete to Withdrawn, and eleven entries change from Part 1 SIA Comp to Complete.
More: Claims on the grid: what Ontario's connection record proves about its largest new loads — and why the register they sit in cannot be added up →Read the full dated record and its limits
Copyright © 2004-2022 Independent Electricity System Operator, all rights reserved. This information is subject to the Terms of Use set out in the IESO’s website (www.ieso.ca)
The infrastructure reading is unchanged after a fresh source check. HICC’s project file is identical in every byte to the July and September captures, with reported project ends still no later than March 2025. The 2025 capital and asset-life estimates are also unchanged.
More: Infrastructure delivery: from commitments to the capital base →CMHC’s detailed geography and intended-market publication pages displayed a September 27, 2026 publication date when checked on September 29, 2026. The matching workbooks have not yet been obtained and reconciled, so this panel retains the last qualified July estimates. The newer package’s reference period and numerical changes remain unverified.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →The United States import bans reach their legal effective date on September 29. Three proclamations cover specific Canadian alcoholic beverages, whey and molasses products, non-alcoholic beer and motorcycles in the tariff line for engines over 800 cc. These are listed products, not whole industries. Two further proclamations changed the goods subject to earlier 50 percent duties from September 15 and made those amended duties apply alongside Section 232 duties. The trade reading remains on July, before these September actions.
More: The Tariff Ledger →Canada's July 1 population estimate is 41,798,407, up 80,343 from revised April 1 and 189,425 from revised July 1, 2025. Growth is 0.5% over the year. Non-permanent residents number 2,779,774, or 6.65% of the population; their stock fell by 18,875 over the quarter. The same release puts the July 1 median age at 40.9 and the share aged 65 and over at 20.0%.
More: Canadian Capacity Monitor →Population revisions lower the Q2 real-GDP-per-person gain to 0.6%, from the previously published 1.6%. Output per worker is now the largest positive term; the revised population grew rather than fell.
More: The anatomy of Canadian living standards →New-home prices fell 0.1% in August and were 2.0% below August 2025. The national New Housing Price Index is 120.4, down from 120.5 in July. The existing housing-price comparison now includes August.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →The residential construction investment series was labelled in 2017 dollars. Statistics Canada's source table uses a 2023 price basis. The label is corrected without rescaling any observation. The separate July update adds a month and incorporates the issuer's revisions to April, May and June.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →July building permits authorized 24,022 new dwelling units, 19.8% fewer than a year earlier on the unadjusted count. The trailing twelve-month total was 297,088, down 3.6% from the preceding twelve months. Residential construction investment was $14.643 billion in constant 2023 dollars, seasonally adjusted, 4.9% above July 2025. These series measure different stages and cannot establish how many homes were completed or occupied.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →The job vacancy rate was 2.8% in July, unchanged from June and a year earlier. Employers reported about 501,000 vacancies; Statistics Canada describes both the monthly and annual comparisons as little changed.
More: Canadian Capacity Monitor →August housing starts were nearly flat at 229,046 units at an annualized rate, against a revised 229,360 in July. The six-month average fell from 247,446 to 244,149. These Canada-wide rates describe construction beginning, not homes completed.
More: Canadian Capacity Monitor →August is fully covered: 14,144.03 truck entries/day, including 1,778.42 US-plated (12.57%). July: 14,329.90 entries/day, including 1,811.55 US-plated (12.64%). August has more weekend days; entries rose within both weekday and weekend groups. Plate shares rose on weekdays but fell on weekends; these averages do not establish a trade trend.
More: US Exposure Monitor →August CPI rose 3.0 per cent over the year, matching July's rounded rate, while the unadjusted index fell 0.1 per cent during the month. Rent inflation rose from 2.5 to 2.8 per cent and remained below the headline for a second month; its gap narrowed from −0.5 to −0.2 percentage points. Average hourly wage growth slowed from 2.8 to 2.0 per cent, widening the rounded wage–price gap from −0.2 to −1.0 percentage point. CPI-trim is 1.9 per cent, CPI-median 2.0 and CPI-common 2.6.
More: The price of everything: one headline rate, and the components underneath it →The four-quarter Q2 2026 living-standards headline remains +1.6 per cent. New productivity and hours observations fill the previously unavailable output-per-worker split: output per hour contributes +1.19 percentage points, measured hours per employed person −0.29, and the scope reconciliation −0.10, against the +0.80-point output-per-worker total.
More: The anatomy of Canadian living standards →Current metropolitan housing completions are now part of the record. The national shortage remains unresolved: these gross construction counts do not measure national net additions.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →Statistics Canada's August 28 release revises the federal deficit for fiscal 2025-26 on the National Accounts basis from $44.823 billion to $47.636 billion, an increase of $2.813 billion. The revised annual estimate is 1.5 per cent of the GDP measure for the same four quarters. Separately, April-June 2026, the first quarter of fiscal 2026-27, records net borrowing at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $57.964 billion, narrower than the revised $61.700 billion in January-March 2026, the last quarter of fiscal 2025-26. That new quarter is outside the year being revised. None of these is an audited Public Accounts settlement.
More: Does the federal budget land where it was promised? →Between the IESO's July 10 and August 14, 2026 list vintages, the whole register grows from 2,044 to 2,062 records: 18 added and none removed. Under the same large-load rule -- load-class applications stating at least 75 MW, excluding sizes stated only in MVA -- membership rises from 67 to 71, with four entries and no exits. Across the whole register, 24 status strings change: 6 move to Withdrawn (four from Active and two from On-Hold), 4 move from Active to Complete, and 3 move from Complete back to Active. One of the 24 changes merely corrects 'Actice' to 'Active'. These are register states, not proof that six projects were cancelled or four projects now supply power. The issuer dates the newer list August 14; Countability captured it on September 2.
Read the full dated record and its limits
Copyright © 2004-2022 Independent Electricity System Operator, all rights reserved. This information is subject to the Terms of Use set out in the IESO’s website (www.ieso.ca)
Employment fell by 41,700 in August 2026. The unemployment rate held at 6.4 per cent, the employment rate slipped from 60.9 to 60.8 per cent, and youth unemployment rose from 12.6 to 12.9 per cent. Over the twelve months to August, employment nevertheless rose by 216,500 against 187,000 additional people aged 15 and over in the Labour Force Survey population estimate: 1.16 additional employed people per additional person, up from 1.00 over the year to July. The higher annual ratio does not mean August employment improved. August 2025 was a local employment low: its 61,700 decline from July 2025 is larger than this August's decline, raising the trailing annual employment gain by 20,000 despite the weaker current month; the annual population gain also narrowed from 197,300 to 187,000. These are different windows, and the ratio does not explain participation, hours, or the full-time/part-time mix. Re-running the existing descriptive detectors with August evidence places the employment level shift around September 2024, one month later than before, and the nine-indicator labour cluster in January-July 2024 instead of December 2023-June 2024. These moving-window findings locate changes in measured levels; they do not establish a cause. Earlier dated readings retain the windows and evidence they originally used.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →Third reading, on the July 2026 trade record, and the share set a record. Over the twelve months through July 2026 the United States bought 68.50 per cent of Canada's goods exports, against 74.08 per cent a year earlier -- a one-year fall of 5.58 percentage points. That window is the lowest United States share in the twenty-nine-year monthly record, and unlike the previous low it stands alone: the next-lowest window, ending April 2026, reads 68.99 per cent, half a percentage point higher. The single month is sharper than the window. Exports to the United States fell 6.6 per cent from June to July, ending a run of five straight monthly rises, while exports to every other country together rose 7.4 per cent to the highest monthly level this record holds. In July, 33.7 per cent of Canada's goods exports went somewhere other than the United States. The reallocation is still narrow: 52.7 per cent of the twelve-month rest-of-world rise is the United Kingdom alone, and on the customs record the all-countries unwrought gold, silver and platinum-group-metals series is up 43.9 per cent window on window. Motor vehicles found almost no other buyer -- a 9.7 per cent fall in United States-bound sales against a rest-of-world gain worth 5.6 cents of every dollar lost.
More: Canada's exports and the United States: the record break, and where the difference went →The living-standards question has its second reading, and the answer changed. Real GDP per person rose 1.6 per cent over the four quarters to April-June 2026, to $60,944 in chained 2017 dollars. That is the largest four-quarter gain since the four quarters ending July-September 2022, and it leaves the per-person level 0.1 per cent below the record set in that same quarter. Of the 262 quarters this record holds a per-person figure for, going back to 1961, only two stand at or above today's level: July-September 2022 and April-June 2026. The first reading, taken in July, said real GDP per person was barely moving and that its small gain was entirely compositional. That is no longer true. What is still true is that the gain is not mainly a production story: real GDP grew 1.1 per cent over those four quarters while the population fell 0.5 per cent, so a smaller denominator supplied part of the rise. Splitting the total the way this record always splits it, population structure contributed +1.21 percentage points of the +1.57-point total, output per worker +0.80, the employment rate +0.02, and participation -0.46. Output per worker adding is a change: it subtracted in each of the two windows before this one, and last added over the four quarters to July-September 2025.
More: The anatomy of Canadian living standards →The same release restated a quarter this record had already published, and this is what the restatement did. Statistics Canada raised real GDP for January-March 2026 by $2,924 million, from $2,500,680 million to $2,503,604 million in chained 2017 dollars -- a rise of 0.12 per cent -- and raised the same quarter at current prices by $6,904 million, from $3,321,588 million to $3,328,492 million, a rise of 0.21 per cent. Nothing else in the table moved: 522 shared observations were compared and 520 came back identical. Four published readings changed as a result, none of them by an amount a reader would have guessed from the size of the restatement. First, real GDP for January-March 2026 measured against the same quarter a year earlier changed sign, from -0.05 per cent to +0.06 per cent: on the evidence published in May the economy was very slightly smaller than a year before, and on the evidence published in August it was very slightly larger. Second, the four-quarter change in real GDP per person ending in that quarter -- the reading this record published in July -- moved from +0.19 to +0.31 percentage points, before the new quarter was counted at all. Third, on the defence-spending question, the four quarters of nominal GDP spanning fiscal 2025-26 now average $3,271,267 million instead of $3,269,541 million, so the same $62,713 million of defence spending falls $2,712 million short of two per cent of GDP rather than $2,678 million; the recomputed ratio reads 1.92 per cent either way, so what that comparison concludes is unchanged. Fourth, on the fiscal question, Public Accounts net debt measured against GDP moved from 44.9 to 44.8 per cent -- the debt figure did not move, the denominator did. Countability's forecast scorecard also moved: measured against the restated quarter, the Bank of Canada's July 2026 projection for that quarter is about three and a half times further from the mark than it was against the quarter as first published, while its January and April 2026 projections are closer.
More: Can Canada raise living standards, not just its population? →The capital question was re-checked against the release it was waiting for, and not one of its figures moved. Capital stock per worker is still down 3.7 per cent since 2019 and 5.7 per cent from the record's 2014 peak; real business investment per worker is still down 7.2 per cent; the investment share of GDP still barely moved, from 20.6 per cent in 2014 to 18.6 per cent in 2025. The new quarter is real and is recorded: business gross fixed capital formation ran at $427,991 million in chained 2017 dollars, seasonally adjusted at annual rates, and $618,156 million at current prices, in April-June 2026.
More: Is Canada rebuilding the capital behind each worker? →On August 25, Canada answered. The government said it will match the U.S. tariffs dollar for dollar: counter-tariffs of 15, 25 or 50 per cent, legally effective September 8, on $27.6 billion of U.S. goods -- each rate matching the U.S. rate on that same product. The United States duties themselves became legally effective on August 22 under the proclamations; this record has not yet observed duties assessed or collected on shipments under either country's measures. In some sectors, including steel and aluminum, an existing 25 per cent Canadian counter-tariff rises to 50 per cent. The list covers goods in sectors such as steel, dairy, appliances, farm equipment, pulp and paper, and electronics. Canada also announced $7.5 billion in new support for workers and businesses, on top of what the government says is nearly $25 billion already provided over the past 18 months. The new support includes business loans, a new diversification fund, and extended Employment Insurance measures, including dropping the one-week waiting period for another year. Finance's own announcement opens by putting a precise number on the Prime Minister's 'roughly $28 billion': it says the U.S. tariff applies to $27.6 billion of Canadian goods. The same announcement says Canada is matching that dollar for dollar, and that Canada's own counter-tariffs cover a matching $27.6 billion of U.S. goods. This record reads the $27.6 billion figure the way the announcement itself does: a precise restatement of the Prime Minister's number, and, by the government's own design, equal to the value of U.S. goods Canada's own counter-tariffs will apply to once they become legally effective.
More: The Tariff Ledger →In July, the United States moved to put a 50 per cent tariff on lists of Canadian goods -- three separate proclamations, each with an effective date of August 19. The U.S. then delayed that effective date by three days, to August 22 -- the proclamation that did this says senior U.S. officials reported that Canada had promised to change the practices at issue, not a finding the proclamation makes in its own voice. But no deal was reached. On August 21, the Prime Minister said last-minute changes in the U.S. position were unfair, and put the reliability of any deal in doubt. He suspended trade talks and called Canada's negotiators home. The duties became legally effective the next day, August 22, under the proclamations, on roughly $28 billion of Canadian goods. This record has not yet observed duties assessed or collected on shipments. The government's own figure doesn't say which country's dollars. Canada said it would match the tariffs dollar for dollar. The day after that, the Prime Minister said Canada's own measures would begin 'the Tuesday after Labour Day.' This record does not turn that into a calendar date, and at the time, no rate or full list of goods had been given. The most recent trade figures on this record are from June, before any of this happened.
More: The Tariff Ledger →Countability's first dated reading on Canada's opioid-toxicity death record. The Public Health Agency of Canada's released file reports 5,630 apparent opioid toxicity deaths in Canada in 2025. That is 1,696 fewer than the 7,326 it reports for 2024 -- a fall of 23.2 per cent as currently reported. But 5,630 is not a settled count. The agency's own technical notes say that data resting on open investigations “are considered preliminary and subject to change”, and that an investigation “can range from approximately three to twenty-four months”. Measured back from the file's own cut-off of 12 May 2026, that window still reaches across every month of 2025. The file itself says none of this. None of its eleven columns flags an observation as preliminary. No cell in its 30,316 rows carries the words “preliminary”, “provisional” or “subject to change”. So a reader holding only the machine-readable file cannot tell which of its numbers are still moving.
Countability's first dated reading on Canada's conservation commitment -- and it is a subtraction. Canada's stated target, in Environment and Climate Change Canada's own words on its conserved-areas indicator page, is “to conserve 25% of its lands and 25% of its oceans by 2025, and 30% of each by 2030”. The same department's own measurement of the same thing, in its Canadian Protected and Conserved Areas Database summary table dated December 2025, is 14.0 per cent of Canada's land territory conserved, and 15.5 per cent of its marine territory. Against the 2030 target, that is a gap of 16.0 percentage points on land -- 1,594,621 square kilometres -- and 14.5 points at sea, or 831,037 square kilometres. The 25 per cent milestone's own stated date has now passed; measured against that milestone at the same reference date, the gaps are 11.0 points on land and 9.5 at sea. Nothing here says whether either target will be met. Both percentages are the publisher's own, and so is the 2030 gap -- its own indicator page states that distance. What this record adds is the same subtraction against the milestone whose date has passed, plus the square-kilometre size behind each of the 2030 gaps.
Countability's first dated reading over a century and a half of federal debt. Finances of the Nation publishes one file covering federal government debt from Confederation onward. The copy this record holds carries 156 consecutive annual observations of net federal debt as a share of GDP -- one for every year from 1867 to fiscal year 2021/2022, none missing. The last observation is 43.71 per cent of GDP, at fiscal year 2021/2022: that year ended 31 March 2022, not the present. The highest reading anywhere in the run is 110.31 per cent, at fiscal year 1945/46. The lowest is 11.60 per cent, at 1912/13. This is a reference spine, not something this record follows on a schedule: as of a 10 August 2026 read of the metadata the file's host repository keeps for it, it was last modified on 6 January 2023, and its series ends four fiscal years before this reading was written.
Ontario's 2024 municipal Financial Information Return changed between two copies Countability kept -- and it changed in three ways at once. Of the 402 municipalities present in the copy kept on 25 July 2026, exactly two have figures that moved by the copy kept on 11 August. Port Hope's return moves a 175,000-dollar amount between two development-charges reserve-fund lines: in two columns, the amount moves off the line the province labels “Other” and onto the line it labels “Highways (Roads and Structures)”, while in a third column the same amount moves the other way. South Bruce's return moves along its asset-retirement-obligation chain: accretion expense and total asset retirement obligations each rise by 4,181 dollars, from 37,380 to 41,561. The third change is not a restatement at all: three municipalities -- Douro-Dummer, Highlands East and Atikokan -- appear in the file for the first time, with no rows at all in the earlier copy. That takes the file from 402 filers to 405.
July’s Consumer Price Index is now in the record, and it rearranges the price story this record has been telling. Prices overall rose 3.0 per cent over the year to July, up from 2.8 per cent in June. The index itself rose 0.5 per cent on the month. Rent inflation fell to 2.5 per cent — its lowest reading since November 2021. For the first time since January 2023, rent rose more slowly over the year than prices overall: the gap between rent and the headline rate was +0.7 of a percentage point in June, and is now −0.5. Energy moved fastest over the year: gasoline stood 25.7 per cent above a year earlier, and energy as a whole was up 16.6 per cent. May’s readings were higher still, at 33.2 and 22.2, so July is a re-acceleration inside a volatile year, not a peak. These are the fastest-moving of the twenty-two price series this record holds from the headline table, not measured shares of the headline number; this record holds no basket weights. The Bank of Canada’s preferred core measures sit below the headline: 1.9 per cent (CPI-trim), 2.0 per cent (CPI-median), and 2.7 per cent (CPI-common). Measured pay rose 2.8 per cent over the same year, 0.2 of a point behind prices.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →Ontario republished the 2023 municipal Financial Information Return -- a filing year that closed three years ago -- and one filer's numbers changed. Stratford's return now differs from the version published in July: 581 reported lines carry different values, and a further 78 lines were added and 77 removed. Its equity in tangible capital assets is 47.1 million dollars higher than the figure previously published. Its Ontario conditional grants are 11.5 million dollars lower than the figure previously published. A prior period adjustment of 5.8 million dollars now appears where none was reported before. The filer's own last-updated stamp moved from 22 October 2025 to 4 August 2026. Of the 436 filers present in the file, Stratford is the only one whose figures moved at all.
The unemployment rate was 6.4 per cent in July 2026 -- its lowest reading since July 2024. It has now fallen for three months running: from 6.9 per cent in April, to 6.6, to 6.5, to 6.4. For people aged 25 to 54 it was 5.5 per cent. The share of everyone aged 15 and over in work was 60.9 per cent.
Youth unemployment was 12.6 per cent in July 2026 -- the lowest reading since February 2024, when it was 12.1 per cent. The share of people aged 15 to 24 in work was 55.4 per cent. No month since May 2024 has been that high; May 2024 was 55.4 per cent exactly, so July 2026 matches it rather than beating it. A year earlier, those two figures were 14.5 and 53.7 per cent.
All of the past year's net employment growth, and more, was full-time. Over the twelve months to July 2026 full-time employment rose by 205,700 while part-time employment fell by 9,200, for a net gain of 196,500. Part-time work went from 18.38 to 18.16 per cent of all employment.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →Employment growth is not what pushed the absorption ratio close to one. Over the twelve months to July 2026 the ratio reached 0.996. It got there because the number it divides by got much smaller: the year's gain in the Labour Force Survey's working-age population estimate fell from 715,000 to 197,300 — 72.4 per cent smaller. Employment grew 196,500 over that year. Over the twelve months to July 2025 it grew 293,200. So the ratio moved from 0.41 to almost 1.00 while the annual employment gain itself got smaller.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →The July release added a month and restated nothing this record can see. This record compared its copy of the labour table from before the release with its copy from after. All 3,491 monthly values the two copies share are identical. Each of the ten series gained exactly one new month, and of the earlier months held on both sides, not one moved.
One more month of labour data changes the absorption answer. Over the twelve months to July 2026, employment rose by 196,500 while the Labour Force Survey's working-age population estimate rose by 197,300. That is 1.00 jobs added for each additional working-age person, as published -- 0.996 before rounding. On the June window this record read 0.45. Employment growth has gone from covering under half of working-age population growth to coming within half a per cent of matching it.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada's monthly records now run to May 2026. Three of the four monthly flows this record follows are falling less steeply than a month earlier, and the fourth is rising faster. Study permits are down 12.4 per cent on the previous twelve months, against 16.6 per cent in the April window. Work permits went from 3.3 per cent up to 9.8 per cent up. Permanent-resident admissions are down 15.6 per cent, against 17.1 per cent. Asylum claims are down 34.9 per cent, against 35.2 per cent.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →Alongside the new month, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada restated 153 previously published values across its five monthly series, some reaching back to 2015. Those restatements barely moved the headline year-over-year figures: 0.11 points on study permits, 0.16 points on work permits, and 0.10 points on asylum claims -- each pulling the opposite way from the improvement reported above -- and 0.01 points on permanent-resident admissions, pulling the same way.
More: Can Canada absorb its own population growth? →The housing supply readings are unchanged -- and that is a finding, not something skipped. This record refreshed all 148 of its source files for this update. Housing starts, units under construction, and the quarterly and annual completions series came back with every value identical to what this record already held.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →Nine labour indicators shifted level together, inside one six-month window from December 2023 to June 2024. That published finding still stands, and the count is still nine -- but which nine has changed. With the new July data, total employment's own level shift now dates from August 2024, outside that window, so it drops out of the group. That indicator's shift is not published as its own separate reading, so where it was visible through the group, it is now not reported at all. Because total employment left the group, the measure of employment added per working-age person added now counts in its own right. It had been set aside before, because the series it is an arithmetic transform of was then in the group.
Second reading, on the June 2026 trade record. Over the twelve months through June 2026, the United States bought 69.07 per cent of Canada's goods exports, against 74.48 per cent a year earlier. That is a one-year fall of 5.41 percentage points -- shallower than the 5.78-point fall the May window showed, and well short of the record's fastest fall, 7.16 points, in the window ending March 2026. The share sits just above its record low: the March and April 2026 windows jointly hold that low, at 69.01 per cent, only 0.004 points apart. U.S.-bound exports have now risen for five straight months.
More: Can Canada sell beyond the United States? →June's Consumer Price Index is now in the record. Prices overall rose 2.8 per cent over the year to June -- down from 3.2 per cent in May. The index itself fell 0.4 per cent on the month. Rent inflation was 3.5 per cent, about where it stood in May, so the gap between rent inflation and overall inflation widened again: from 0.3 of a percentage point in May to 0.7 in June.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →First reading of a new question. The government's own projected deficit for fiscal 2025-26 has moved several times: $38.9 billion, then $42.2 billion, then $78.3 billion, before narrowing to $66.9 billion -- its last projection before the Public Accounts settle the year. The government's own unaudited year-end tally shows $55.3 billion, which comes before the post-March tax accruals, valuation changes, and other adjustments recorded before those accounts settle a year. On Statistics Canada's separate National Accounts basis, the same year measures $44.8 billion, or 1.4 per cent of GDP. Federal interest now takes 10.0 per cent of federal revenue, up from 5.9 per cent four fiscal years earlier. No audited outcome exists yet: the Public Accounts of Canada settle this fiscal year this autumn.
More: Does the federal budget land where it was promised? →The Canadian Capacity Monitor was checked again against a complete housing-starts update. Housing delivery still lags both independent benchmarks, and the gap against each widened slightly in the newest quarter. Every other row was rechecked against the same update, and no other row's answer moved: population pressure, the labour market, and federal fiscal room.
More: Can governments still solve housing shortages? →The government says it hit NATO's 2% guideline, and NATO's own report says every member country reported spending that met or exceeded it. But that is not NATO's only guideline. NATO's own newer, larger one is 5% of GDP a year by 2035, split into 3.5% on core defence requirements and 1.5% on broader defence- and security-related investment. Canada's own core spending sits near 2% -- well short of the 3.5% core share that pathway requires.
First reading of a new question. Non-residential capital stock per worker has fallen since the record's 2014 peak: down 3.7 per cent since 2019, and 5.7 per cent since that peak. This stock measure covers the whole economy -- government and non-profit capital as well as business capital. Real business investment per worker fell 7.2 per cent from 2019 to 2025. But the investment share of GDP barely moved over the same span. The per-worker declines are substantially a story about a growing workforce, not a spending collapse.
More: Is Canada rebuilding the capital behind each worker? →Countability's first dated reading on Canada's electricity buildout. The Canada Energy Regulator's own Energy Future 2026 dataset carries four scenarios for Canada's electricity supply out to 2035 and 2050. Every one of them -- including the most conservative -- assumes a pace several times the dataset's own recorded 2005-2023 average, and faster than any twelve-year stretch inside that record. For generation, the scenarios assume roughly seven to fourteen times the full-period average pace, and roughly 1.7 to 3.1 times the fastest twelve-year stretch. For installed capacity, they assume roughly two to four times the average pace, and roughly 1.6 to 2.6 times the fastest twelve-year stretch. The measured record since the projections' history ends is split: capacity shows a strong recent build year, while generation increased through 2025 but its freshest trailing-twelve-month window has not sustained that increase.
More: Is Canada on track for its climate commitments — and would the record show it? →See what changed, what stayed the same, and what comes next →
Start with a topic. Each link opens its overview or a focused analysis.
A question worth following
Roughly three of every four Canadian export dollars have gone to one customer for a generation. Selling more to everyone else has been a stated national ambition for fifty years, and since the broad United States tariff actions became legally effective it has been the declared strategy. Whether it is actually happening is checkable, month by month, in the official trade record — and the answer decides which industries carry policy risk, what diversification plans are worth, and how much of the economy moves when the United States does.
Current intelligence
Questions bring together ongoing investigations. Briefs offer focused analysis. Monitors track changes over time.
Read a complete answer, its limits, explanatory figures and the evidence behind it.
Is Canada's institutional, physical, fiscal, and labour capacity keeping pace with the demands being placed upon it?
Open the Monitor →How exposed is Canada's trade to the United States — and is that exposure changing?
Open the Monitor →Findings from the current record, each stating how strong its evidence is and naming its sources.
The government's 2026-2028 Levels Plan commits to a temporary population below 5% of Canada's population by end-2027. On 2026-07-01 the NPR share was 6.65% (StatsCan basis), vs 7.05% at the start of the plan period. A straight line from 7.05% (2025 Q4) to 5.0% (end 2027) passes through 6.37% today; the observed share is above that line. The straight-line path is Countability's measurement convention — IRCC stated only the endpoint. IRCC's 'temporary population' concept and StatsCan's NPR estimate differ at the margin; the StatsCan basis is used consistently.
Why it matters: The temporary-resident share is the government's own chosen lever for easing absorption pressure — this tracks whether the lever is actually moving. Next evidence: Statistics Canada quarterly demographic estimates.
Over the four quarters from 2025 Q3 through 2026 Q2, federal net lending or borrowing on the National Accounts basis was -1.48% of nominal GDP, versus -1.23% over 2024 Q3 through 2025 Q2 — a year-over-year deterioration. Each ratio divides the sum of four quarterly net-lending/borrowing observations by the sum of GDP for the same quarters; both inputs are seasonally adjusted at annual rates, so their common scaling cancels. The government's fiscal anchor (Budget 2025, reaffirmed in the Spring Economic Update 2026) names a declining deficit-to-GDP ratio over 2025-26 to 2030-31. This rolling-year test is Countability's stated pace convention, not a path the government promised each quarter. The National Accounts basis differs from Finance Canada's Public Accounts budgetary balance. Correction: this pace calculation now follows its registered four-quarter convention; the earlier implementation compared single quarters a year apart. The direction on the refreshed evidence is deterioration under either window, but the percentages differ.
Why it matters: Every other federal commitment competes for the room this declining-deficit anchor is meant to protect. Next evidence: Quarterly government finance statistics.
In the 12 months to Oct 2026, employment (age 15+, seasonally adjusted) rose by 16,500 while the LFS working-age population estimate rose by 187,800 — 0.09 employed people added per additional working-age person, vs 0.52 a year earlier. A ratio at or above 1 suggests employment growth is keeping pace with (or exceeding) working-age population growth; below 1 suggests the labour market is absorbing the growing working-age population more slowly than it is growing. This says nothing about participation-rate changes, part-time/full-time mix, hours worked, or sector/regional composition. In the latest month alone, employment changed by -4,700 people. The annual comparison's base month changed by +73,700 people from its preceding month, contributing -73,700 to the change in the annual employment gain. Advancing the full annual window combines the latest-month change (-4,700) with that base-month contribution (-73,700), changing the annual employment gain by -78,400. A higher annual ratio does not by itself establish stronger current-month employment.
Explanation corrected October 27, 2026 →
Why it matters: Employed people added per person aged fifteen and over added shows how annual employment growth compares with growth in that population. Next evidence: Monthly Labour Force Survey.
Canada started 248,256 homes in the 4 quarters to 2026 Q3 (actual, all areas). CMHC's 2025-06 modelled benchmark — restore housing affordability to 2019 (pre-pandemic) levels by 2035, on a rolling 10-year horizon — implies ~478,000 net completions per year over 2025-2035. The comparison crosses unit bases: the benchmark is completions-denominated, but official all-areas WDS completions end in 2022 (latest annual figure: 219,942 in 2022). Direct CMHC metropolitan completion counts are now held, but they are gross monthly units on narrower geography, not this national net-additions basis. Current starts are shown as context, not compliance. The benchmark is a model with stated assumptions, not an observation. Their cumulative additional-unit gaps are 2.60 million (CMHC) and 690,000 (PBO), about 3.8 times apart; these models use different objectives and assumptions (see the housing baseline conflict). This comparison uses the superseded 2025 CMHC model; the current 2026 range uses annual starts through 2036 and is displayed separately.
Why it matters: This retained 2025 CMHC model uses net completions; starts are context only. Read the current 2026 starts model in the housing Topic. Next evidence: Quarterly housing starts, under construction and completions (StatsCan 34-10-0135-01).
The provincial general government balance (National Accounts) was -0.49% of provincial nominal GDP in 2025, compared with -0.80% the year before. The statistical comparison shows improvement. This calendar-year measure does not match the fiscal-year Public Accounts commitment. It establishes neither progress against that commitment nor legal compliance. The original promise and current budget forecast are stated separately.
Explanation corrected October 27, 2026 →
Why it matters: The calendar-year statistical balance describes fiscal context; it cannot establish compliance with the separate fiscal-year, post-Generations-Fund commitment. Next evidence: Québec budget publications.
Compare average hourly wage growth with consumer price inflation. Change the time window, inspect individual months and follow each measure to its source.
The starting view uses Canadian monthly data; dot size shows housing starts. These relationships are descriptive and do not establish cause and effect.
Compare wages and prices →Explore all measures →Evidence connected across sources. Calculations you can inspect. Earlier readings preserved.
Follow a question across institutions, with definitions and disagreements kept visible.
Trace published figures to their sources and the methods behind them.
Compare earlier readings with later evidence. Revisions and corrections remain part of the record.
Different institutions can frame the same housing question differently. Follow the benchmarks, their assumptions and the limits of the comparison.
Inspect the housing investigation →The same inputs and rules produce the same calculations. Claims cite dated sources; corrections explain what changed. Institutional projections are preserved alongside later outcomes, without ranking their issuers.
Bring a question, the decision it affects and the evidence available. Countability offers scoped analysis for organizations, with methods, assumptions and limits made explicit.